parts of speech সম্পর্কে কিছু ধারণা
How Are You!!✪আসসালাম ওয়ালাইকুম✪আশা করি ভালোই আছেন।কারণ কেউ ভালো না থাকলে ★RifatBD★ তে ভিজিট করে না।আর আপনাদের দোয়াতে আমিও ভালো আছি।তাই আপনাদের জন্য নিয়েআসলাম নতুন এক ট্রিক।
Rifat Class Room Class Number 02 Definition of Parts of speech ➡In a sentence words are divided into different classes or kinds because of their functions and usage. And it is described by the term of parts of speech. ↘Parts of speech help to understand the uses or functions words and how different words can make a meaningful sentence. There are Eight types of parts of speech.⤵ ➡Noun ➡Pronoun ➡Verb ➡Adverb ➡Adjective ➡Preposition ➡Conjunction ➡Interjection Noun Noun:⤵ Name of anything like person, animal, place, thing, abstract, idea, action, state or quality is called Noun. Example:⤵ Maria, Girl, Dhaka, Book, Teacher, Water, Honesty, Happiness, Family, Sleep, Death etc. ▶In Sentence: (™ words are noun) - A boy™ is coming towards us. - Sarah™ is a pretty girl. - The sun™ shines in daytime. - Education™ removes darkness. - Poverty™ is curse. ▶Function of Noun: Noun plays the role in a sentence as subject of a verb or object of a verb or both subject and object of a verb. ▶Classification of nouns:⤵ Noun can be classified into five categories: ↪Proper noun ↪Common noun ↪Collective noun ↪Abstract noun ↪Material noun i. Proper Noun: ➡Proper noun is the name of some particular person, place or things. ↘Example: - Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. ( Dhaka is the name of one particular capital) - Sunny is a smart boy. ( Sunny is the name of one particular boy) - Rimi is a clever girl. (Rimi is the name of one particular girl) Proper noun always starts with capital letter. ii. Common Noun: ➡Common noun is a noun that is not the name of a particular thing or class but that represents one or all of the members of that class or thing. ➡A common noun can be preceded by the definite articles (a, the). ↘Example: - Sunny is a smart boy. (Here boy is common noun while Sunny is a proper noun) - Rimi is a clever girl. (Here girl is common noun while Rimi is a proper noun) ↘Example without sentence: - People: boy, girl, mother, father, baby, child, teacher, student, man, woman etc. - Things: book, table, computer, pen, pencil etc. - Animals: bird, dog, cat, cow, goat, wolf, tiger etc. - Place: city, country, state, capital, beach, forest etc. iii. Collective Noun: ➡A collective noun is the name of a collection or number or group of things or persons taken together and considered of as one whole. ↘Example: - The navy is the ready for the voyage. - Public was not aware for the incident. - The proposal was approved by the cabinet. ↘Example without sentence: Crowd, class, army, mob, gang, team, jury, family, herd, committee, audience, council, public, navy, cabinet, group, company, society, troupe, corporation, senate, faculty, board etc. iv. Material Noun: ➡A material noun is the name of material, substance or ingredient of things. ➡Such as iron, steel, copper, gold, coal, silver, milk, water, tea, sugar, wheat etc. ↘Example: - The necklace is made of gold. - The cow gives us milk. - Give me a cup of tea. v. Abstract Noun: ➡An Abstract Noun is usually the name of a quality, action, state or concept. ➡Abstract noun are the names of such things those can’t be touched, tested, smelt or heard. ↘Such as: Quality- honesty, beauty, bravery, wisdom, heroism, stupidity, darkness, kindness, goodness, brightness etc. Action- Judgment, movement, laughter, hatred, theft etc. State- Childhood, boyhood, youth, death, poverty, slavery, sickness, sleep etc. The names of Arts and Science such as grammar, chemistry, physics, music etc. are also abstract noun. Pronoun Pronoun ➡A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun-equivalent. It is the replacement of noun. ➡Common pronouns are I, me, he, she, him, his, her, they, them, it, we, and us. ↘Example: - She is a pretty girl. - His contribution is appreciable. - They are unbeatable. - This job is done by them. ↘Role of Pronoun in a sentence: Pronouns are usually short words and they are used to make sentence less cumbersome and less repetitive. ↪Kinds of Pronoun: There are many different kinds of pronouns. Such as:⬇ Personal Pronoun↩ Possessive Pronoun↩ Reflexive Pronoun↩ Intensive Pronoun↩ Indefinite Pronoun↩ Demonstrative Pronoun↩ Relative Pronoun↩ Interrogative Pronoun↩ Reciprocal Pronoun.↩ i. Personal Pronoun: ➡Personal pronoun is used instead of person. Such as I, you, he, she, we, they and who. ➡When a personal pronoun is the subject of a verb then it is called Subjective Pronoun (I, we, he, she, they, and you). ↘E.g. I love this book. When a personal pronoun is not a subject and acts as the object then it is called Objective Pronoun (me, you, her, him, it, us, them and whom). ➡E.g. Give it to him. ii. Possessive Pronoun: ➡A Possessive Pronoun shows ownership of something. Such as his, hers, its, mine, yours, ours, and theirs. ↘Example: - This pen is mine. - Yours one is not real. - Take hers from the room. iii. Reflexive Pronoun: ➡Reflexive Pronoun refers back to the subject in the sentence. ➡They are myself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves, yourselves and itself. ↘Example: - I ask myself when I take a decision. - He spoke to himself. - We learn about ourselves every day. iv. Intensive Pronoun: ➡An Intensive Pronoun is used for emphasis. Intensive pronouns are myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, yourselves, ourselves and themselves. ↘Example: - I myself have done the job. - The president himself visited the area. - He himself can’t do it. v. Indefinite Pronoun: ➡An Indefinite Pronoun refers to an indefinite or non-specific person or thing. Indefinite pronouns are any, anything, some, someone, somebody, everybody, everything, everyone, nobody, none, one, several, some, few, many and each. ➡An Indefinite pronoun may look like an indefinite adjective but it is used differently in sentences by taking the place of a noun. ↘Example: - All people gathered here for the same purpose. - Does anyone know anything about the matter? - Anybody can play the game easily. - None but the brave deserves the fair. - Each must do his best. - One must do one’s duty. vi. Demonstrative Pronoun: ➡A Demonstrative Pronoun particularly point out a noun. This, these, that and those are demonstrative pronouns to point out a noun. ➡A Demonstrative pronoun stands alone but a demonstrative adjective qualifies a noun. ↘Example: - You can smell that from here. - This smells good. - Those were bad days. - Look at that. - Would you deliver this? vii. Relative Pronoun: ➡A Relative Pronoun is a pronoun that introduces or links one phrase or clause to another in the sentence. ➡Relative Pronoun are that, who, whom, where', when, whoever, whichever and whomever. ↘Example: - The person who called me is my uncle. - I know where' I am going. - The pen which I lost was red. - You should buy the book that you need for the course. - Robii Thakur is a poet who wrote the National Anthem. Who and whom refer only to people. Which refers to things, qualities and ideas. That and whose refer to people, qualities, things and ideas. viii. Interrogative Pronoun: ➡An Interrogative Pronoun is used to ask question. It helps to ask about something. ➡Interrogative Pronouns are who, which, what, whom, whose as well as whoever, whomever, whichever and whatever. It is used in the beginning of the sentence. Who and whom refer to person. What refers to thing. Which refers to person or thing and whose refers to person as possessive. ↘Example: - What’s happened? - What do you expect from me? - Who designed this website? - Whose mobile is this? - Whatever did you want? ix. Reciprocal Pronoun: ➡A Reciprocal Pronoun refers the relations between- two or more persons or things. Each other and one another are Reciprocal Pronouns. ➡We use Reciprocal Pronouns when there are two or more persons or things doing the same thing. ↘Example: - Rimi and Raju like each other. - Why don’t we believe each other? - They do not tolerate each other. - We should help one another. Verb▶ Verb A verb is a word or group of word (phrase) that is used to describe an action, state or occurrence. Role of Verb in a sentence: Verb forms the main part of the predicate of a sentence. Every complete sentence must have a verb. Verbs are: Action: read, do, walk, bring, run, learn, eat etc. State: be, exist, stand etc. Occurrence: happen, become etc. Example: - He is a good man. (Using the most common to be verb) - We learn from the Web. - She speaks in English. - Rimi is thinking about the incident. Verbs change their form based on time/tense (past, present, and future), person (first person, second person, and third person), number (singular, plural), voice (active and passive) etc. Kinds of Verb:⤵ Firstly verb is divided into two categories: i. Principal or Lexical or Main Verb⤵ ii. Auxiliary or Helping Verb⤵ i. Principal or Lexical Verb:⤵ Verbs which are used independently without help of other verbs are called Principal or Main verb. Example: - He is a singer. - She does her job. - They have many problems. Principal verbs are two types depending on the object they take: a. Transitive verb.⤵ Transitive verb is an action verb that requires one or more objects which receive the action of the verb in a sentence. Example: - She reads the book. (verb with the object ‘the book’) - He gave me a mobile phone. (verb with the object ‘me’ and ‘mobile phone’) - I saw her in the market. - Rifat wants a pen form Ryan. b. Intransitive verb.⤵ Intransitive verb is an action verb that requires no direct object in the sentence. Example: - She reads. (no object in the sentence) - Sit down here. (“) - The birds are flying. (“) - She is singing. (“) - The sun set. (“) - I walked to the park today. (“) - I went to the campus for a scheduled class. (“) Way to find transitive and intransitive verb: If object is available in a sentence then the verb is transitive of that sentence. And if object is not present in sentence then the verb is intransitive of that sentence. So, to find an object we ask the verb by “Whom” or “what” and the answer we get is an object of that sentence. Example: -He gave me a mobile phone. Gave Whom? Answer is me. And Gave what? Answer is mobile phone. So the “gave” verb should be a transitive verb. -She reads. Reads what? No
তাহলে ভাই ভালো থাকুন সুস্থ থাকুন RifatBD এর সাথেই থাকুন !ধন্যবাদ!
Rifat Class Room Class Number 02 Definition of Parts of speech ➡In a sentence words are divided into different classes or kinds because of their functions and usage. And it is described by the term of parts of speech. ↘Parts of speech help to understand the uses or functions words and how different words can make a meaningful sentence. There are Eight types of parts of speech.⤵ ➡Noun ➡Pronoun ➡Verb ➡Adverb ➡Adjective ➡Preposition ➡Conjunction ➡Interjection Noun Noun:⤵ Name of anything like person, animal, place, thing, abstract, idea, action, state or quality is called Noun. Example:⤵ Maria, Girl, Dhaka, Book, Teacher, Water, Honesty, Happiness, Family, Sleep, Death etc. ▶In Sentence: (™ words are noun) - A boy™ is coming towards us. - Sarah™ is a pretty girl. - The sun™ shines in daytime. - Education™ removes darkness. - Poverty™ is curse. ▶Function of Noun: Noun plays the role in a sentence as subject of a verb or object of a verb or both subject and object of a verb. ▶Classification of nouns:⤵ Noun can be classified into five categories: ↪Proper noun ↪Common noun ↪Collective noun ↪Abstract noun ↪Material noun i. Proper Noun: ➡Proper noun is the name of some particular person, place or things. ↘Example: - Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. ( Dhaka is the name of one particular capital) - Sunny is a smart boy. ( Sunny is the name of one particular boy) - Rimi is a clever girl. (Rimi is the name of one particular girl) Proper noun always starts with capital letter. ii. Common Noun: ➡Common noun is a noun that is not the name of a particular thing or class but that represents one or all of the members of that class or thing. ➡A common noun can be preceded by the definite articles (a, the). ↘Example: - Sunny is a smart boy. (Here boy is common noun while Sunny is a proper noun) - Rimi is a clever girl. (Here girl is common noun while Rimi is a proper noun) ↘Example without sentence: - People: boy, girl, mother, father, baby, child, teacher, student, man, woman etc. - Things: book, table, computer, pen, pencil etc. - Animals: bird, dog, cat, cow, goat, wolf, tiger etc. - Place: city, country, state, capital, beach, forest etc. iii. Collective Noun: ➡A collective noun is the name of a collection or number or group of things or persons taken together and considered of as one whole. ↘Example: - The navy is the ready for the voyage. - Public was not aware for the incident. - The proposal was approved by the cabinet. ↘Example without sentence: Crowd, class, army, mob, gang, team, jury, family, herd, committee, audience, council, public, navy, cabinet, group, company, society, troupe, corporation, senate, faculty, board etc. iv. Material Noun: ➡A material noun is the name of material, substance or ingredient of things. ➡Such as iron, steel, copper, gold, coal, silver, milk, water, tea, sugar, wheat etc. ↘Example: - The necklace is made of gold. - The cow gives us milk. - Give me a cup of tea. v. Abstract Noun: ➡An Abstract Noun is usually the name of a quality, action, state or concept. ➡Abstract noun are the names of such things those can’t be touched, tested, smelt or heard. ↘Such as: Quality- honesty, beauty, bravery, wisdom, heroism, stupidity, darkness, kindness, goodness, brightness etc. Action- Judgment, movement, laughter, hatred, theft etc. State- Childhood, boyhood, youth, death, poverty, slavery, sickness, sleep etc. The names of Arts and Science such as grammar, chemistry, physics, music etc. are also abstract noun. Pronoun Pronoun ➡A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun-equivalent. It is the replacement of noun. ➡Common pronouns are I, me, he, she, him, his, her, they, them, it, we, and us. ↘Example: - She is a pretty girl. - His contribution is appreciable. - They are unbeatable. - This job is done by them. ↘Role of Pronoun in a sentence: Pronouns are usually short words and they are used to make sentence less cumbersome and less repetitive. ↪Kinds of Pronoun: There are many different kinds of pronouns. Such as:⬇ Personal Pronoun↩ Possessive Pronoun↩ Reflexive Pronoun↩ Intensive Pronoun↩ Indefinite Pronoun↩ Demonstrative Pronoun↩ Relative Pronoun↩ Interrogative Pronoun↩ Reciprocal Pronoun.↩ i. Personal Pronoun: ➡Personal pronoun is used instead of person. Such as I, you, he, she, we, they and who. ➡When a personal pronoun is the subject of a verb then it is called Subjective Pronoun (I, we, he, she, they, and you). ↘E.g. I love this book. When a personal pronoun is not a subject and acts as the object then it is called Objective Pronoun (me, you, her, him, it, us, them and whom). ➡E.g. Give it to him. ii. Possessive Pronoun: ➡A Possessive Pronoun shows ownership of something. Such as his, hers, its, mine, yours, ours, and theirs. ↘Example: - This pen is mine. - Yours one is not real. - Take hers from the room. iii. Reflexive Pronoun: ➡Reflexive Pronoun refers back to the subject in the sentence. ➡They are myself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves, yourselves and itself. ↘Example: - I ask myself when I take a decision. - He spoke to himself. - We learn about ourselves every day. iv. Intensive Pronoun: ➡An Intensive Pronoun is used for emphasis. Intensive pronouns are myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, yourselves, ourselves and themselves. ↘Example: - I myself have done the job. - The president himself visited the area. - He himself can’t do it. v. Indefinite Pronoun: ➡An Indefinite Pronoun refers to an indefinite or non-specific person or thing. Indefinite pronouns are any, anything, some, someone, somebody, everybody, everything, everyone, nobody, none, one, several, some, few, many and each. ➡An Indefinite pronoun may look like an indefinite adjective but it is used differently in sentences by taking the place of a noun. ↘Example: - All people gathered here for the same purpose. - Does anyone know anything about the matter? - Anybody can play the game easily. - None but the brave deserves the fair. - Each must do his best. - One must do one’s duty. vi. Demonstrative Pronoun: ➡A Demonstrative Pronoun particularly point out a noun. This, these, that and those are demonstrative pronouns to point out a noun. ➡A Demonstrative pronoun stands alone but a demonstrative adjective qualifies a noun. ↘Example: - You can smell that from here. - This smells good. - Those were bad days. - Look at that. - Would you deliver this? vii. Relative Pronoun: ➡A Relative Pronoun is a pronoun that introduces or links one phrase or clause to another in the sentence. ➡Relative Pronoun are that, who, whom, where', when, whoever, whichever and whomever. ↘Example: - The person who called me is my uncle. - I know where' I am going. - The pen which I lost was red. - You should buy the book that you need for the course. - Robii Thakur is a poet who wrote the National Anthem. Who and whom refer only to people. Which refers to things, qualities and ideas. That and whose refer to people, qualities, things and ideas. viii. Interrogative Pronoun: ➡An Interrogative Pronoun is used to ask question. It helps to ask about something. ➡Interrogative Pronouns are who, which, what, whom, whose as well as whoever, whomever, whichever and whatever. It is used in the beginning of the sentence. Who and whom refer to person. What refers to thing. Which refers to person or thing and whose refers to person as possessive. ↘Example: - What’s happened? - What do you expect from me? - Who designed this website? - Whose mobile is this? - Whatever did you want? ix. Reciprocal Pronoun: ➡A Reciprocal Pronoun refers the relations between- two or more persons or things. Each other and one another are Reciprocal Pronouns. ➡We use Reciprocal Pronouns when there are two or more persons or things doing the same thing. ↘Example: - Rimi and Raju like each other. - Why don’t we believe each other? - They do not tolerate each other. - We should help one another. Verb▶ Verb A verb is a word or group of word (phrase) that is used to describe an action, state or occurrence. Role of Verb in a sentence: Verb forms the main part of the predicate of a sentence. Every complete sentence must have a verb. Verbs are: Action: read, do, walk, bring, run, learn, eat etc. State: be, exist, stand etc. Occurrence: happen, become etc. Example: - He is a good man. (Using the most common to be verb) - We learn from the Web. - She speaks in English. - Rimi is thinking about the incident. Verbs change their form based on time/tense (past, present, and future), person (first person, second person, and third person), number (singular, plural), voice (active and passive) etc. Kinds of Verb:⤵ Firstly verb is divided into two categories: i. Principal or Lexical or Main Verb⤵ ii. Auxiliary or Helping Verb⤵ i. Principal or Lexical Verb:⤵ Verbs which are used independently without help of other verbs are called Principal or Main verb. Example: - He is a singer. - She does her job. - They have many problems. Principal verbs are two types depending on the object they take: a. Transitive verb.⤵ Transitive verb is an action verb that requires one or more objects which receive the action of the verb in a sentence. Example: - She reads the book. (verb with the object ‘the book’) - He gave me a mobile phone. (verb with the object ‘me’ and ‘mobile phone’) - I saw her in the market. - Rifat wants a pen form Ryan. b. Intransitive verb.⤵ Intransitive verb is an action verb that requires no direct object in the sentence. Example: - She reads. (no object in the sentence) - Sit down here. (“) - The birds are flying. (“) - She is singing. (“) - The sun set. (“) - I walked to the park today. (“) - I went to the campus for a scheduled class. (“) Way to find transitive and intransitive verb: If object is available in a sentence then the verb is transitive of that sentence. And if object is not present in sentence then the verb is intransitive of that sentence. So, to find an object we ask the verb by “Whom” or “what” and the answer we get is an object of that sentence. Example: -He gave me a mobile phone. Gave Whom? Answer is me. And Gave what? Answer is mobile phone. So the “gave” verb should be a transitive verb. -She reads. Reads what? No
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